Elevated expression of IL-18 but not IL-1β gene is associated with NALP3 and AIM2 inflammasome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Inflammasome complex mediated interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) production may be involved in immunopathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate involved inflammasome pathways in PCOS. Therefore, inflammasome genes expression and serum level of IL-1 beta were evaluated in 30 patients with confirmed PCOS and 30 women without PCOS. A remarkable increase in expression of the nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NALP3), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), IL-18 and associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD); (ASC) genes in PCOS were observed (p < 0.05). In contrast, expression level of NALP1, NALP12, NLR family apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIP), NLR family caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain containing 4 (NLRC4) and IL-1 beta genes was not significant. Although the IL-1 beta protein level in serum of COS patients with BMI >= 25 was significantly higher than PCOS patient with BMI < 25, but there was no significant difference in non-PCOS individuals with BMI < 25 or >= 25. Furthermore, significant correlation between expression of AIM2 (r = 0.83, p = 0.032) and NALP3 (r = 0.59, p = 0.0001) was observed with IL-18, while a positive correlation (r = 0.84, p = 0.0001) was revealed between NAIP and 1L-1 beta. Based on the obtained results on inflammasome components along with increased expression of IL-10 especially in overweight patients, it can be concluded that IL-18 expression as well as IL-1 beta is probably due to activation of AIM2, NALP3 or NAIP inflammasome, which may play a critical role in immunopathology of PCOS.