Venous dissection due to brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula puncture

Arteriovenous fistula is the most important vascular access for hemodialysis for chronic renal disease. It is quite easy to puncture the fistula when hemodialysis is needed. On the other hand, it is more difficult to cannulate the native fistulas than the grafts; therefore, puncture-related complications occur more in the native fistulas. These complications are hematoma, aneurysm formation, thrombosis, and venous wall dissection during hemodialysis, although this is extremely rare. A 48-year-old male patient with end-stage renal disease had venous wall dissection diagnosed by ultrasonography. This case report presents this rare pathology in a case treated with supportive measures.