Primary lymphoma of the cervix uteri: a diagnostic challenge. Report of two cases and review of the literature

Background: Primary non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the cervix and vagina is uncommon; the incidence of uterine lymphoma is estimated to be less than 0.5% of all NHL. Patients regularly present with vaginal bleeding. The diagnosis is made on biopsy but this can be difficult on small samples which may not be representative of the lesion. Immunohistochemical analysis and often molecular techniques are required to confirm the diagnosis. Cases: We report two cases of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the cervix. In the first case, the diagnosis could only be made on repeat biopsies. The second case presented as a cervical polyp. Conclusion: Gynecologists should be aware of this rare clinical entity in order to apply the proper treatment.