Optimized Anti-Collision Algorithm in RFID Systems for Smart Living Spaces

RFID collision is a main challenge imposed by radio wave links shared among a reader and many tags in interrogation zone. Collision is a power-consuming event that reduces the performance of RFID systems. Low power consumption strategy would ensure longer operational life of tags and reader by battery-powered supply. Application of several anti-collision algorithms makes it possible for reader to take long time in identifying tags and as such, much energy in retransmission time. As power consumption and identification time significantly influences overall performance of anti collision protocols, an efficient anti-collision algorithm is incorporated in the system to provide superior performance on one hand, and power consumption improvement on the other. The proposed method uses power level clustering and BIBD (Balanced Incomplete Block Design) code to improve and enhance the reading efficiency. The methodology involved dividing the tags in several power level sections, based on distances of reader, making it possible for readers to get every tag ID by recognizing each section of BIBD symbols. Simulation results and mathematical analysis show significantly lower power consumption and faster tag identification performance.