Induced membrane technique applied to the forearm: Technical refinement, indications and results of 13 cases

Introduction: The unique anatomical characteristics of the forearm bones makes their reconstruction challenging. The aim of this study was to report the surgical methods and results of the induced membrane technique applied to traumatic forearm bone defects. Material and methods: We evaluated retrospectively a case series of 13 patients operated between 2010 and 2017. The first surgical step consisted of debridement of the fracture site and implantation of a cement spacer with appropriate fixation. The anatomy of the forearm skeleton had to be restored. The second step, done 6 weeks later, consisted of removing the cement spacer and applying cancellous bone autograft harvested from the iliac crest. The outcome measures were radiological bone union, need for surgical revision, and postoperative wrist range of motion. Results: All 13 patients were men, with a mean age of 39 years (18-67). The average follow-up was 2.5 years. Eleven patients were suffering from a nonunion and two from a post-traumatic bone defect. Six patients had an identified preoperative infection. Three patients had previously undergone an unsuc-cessful treatment for their nonunion with bone addition. The maximum length of bone reconstruction was 12 cm. Union was achieved in 12 of 13 patients in a mean of 5 months (3-8). The other patient died during the postoperative course. Two patients needed revision surgery: ulnar shortening osteotomy (1 case) and additional tendon reconstruction (1 case). The mean pronosupination range was 123 degrees on average (55-180 degrees). The mean flexion-extension range was 106 degrees (90-130 degrees). Conclusion: The induced membrane technique is a reliable reconstruction technique that is well suited to reconstruction of the forearm skeleton. Level of evidence: IV, retrospective study. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.