Characteristics of dynamic processing in the visual field of patients with age-related maculopathy

Purpose To investigate the characteristics of dynamic processing in the visual field of patients with age-related maculopathy (ARM) by measuring motion sensitivity, double-pulse resolution (DPR), and critical flicker fusion. Methods Fourteen subjects with ARM (18 eyes), 14 age-matched controls (19 eyes), and 7 young controls (8 eyes) served as subjects. Motion contrast thresholds were determined by a four-alternative forced-choice (4 afc) staircase procedure with a modification by Kernbach for presenting a plaid (size=3.8 degrees) moving within a stationary spatial and temporal Gaussian envelope in one of four directions. Measurements were performed on the horizontal meridian at 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, and 60 degrees eccentricity. DPR was defined as the minimal temporal gap detectable by the subject using a 9-fold interleaved adaptive procedure, with stimuli positioned on concentric rings at 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 20 degrees eccentricity on the principal and oblique meridians. Critical flicker fusion thresholds (CFF) and the Lanthony D-15 color vision test were applied foveally, and the subjects were free to use their fovea or whatever retinal area they needed to use instead, due to their retinal lesions caused by ARM. All measurements were performed under photopic conditions. Results Motion contrast sensitivity in subjects with ARM was pronouncedly reduced (0.23-0.66 log units, p < 0.01), not only in the macula but in a region up to 20 degrees eccentricity. In the two control groups, motion contrast sensitivity systematically declined with retinal eccentricity (0.009-0.032 log units/degree) and with age (0.01 log units/year). Double-pulse thresholds in healthy subjects were approximately constant in the central visual field and increased outside a radius of 10 degrees (1.73 ms/degree). DPR thresholds were elevated in subjects with ARM (by 23-32 ms, p < 0.01) up to 20 degrees eccentricity, and their foveal CFFs were increased by 5.5 Hz or 14% (p < 0.01) as compared with age-matched controls. Conclusions Dynamic processing properties in subjects with ARM are severely impaired in the central visual field up to 20 degrees eccentricity, which is clearly beyond the borders of the macula.