Anthrax: Where Margins are Merging between Emerging Threats and Bioterrorism

被引:8
作者
Banerjee, Dibyendu [1 ]
Chakraborty, Baishali [2 ]
Chakraborty, Banya [3 ]
机构
[1] Calcutta Natl Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Kolkata, W Bengal, India
[2] Dr BC Roy Postgrad Inst Pediat Sci, Dept Microbiol, Kolkata, W Bengal, India
[3] Sch Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Kolkata, W Bengal, India
关键词
Anthrax; bioterrorism; emerging threats; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; OUTBREAK;
D O I
10.4103/ijd.IJD_378_17
中图分类号
R75 [皮肤病学与性病学];
学科分类号
100206 ;
摘要
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has classified all the emerging infectious diseases agents under three categories. Among Category A priority pathogens comes Bacillus anthracis - the causative agent of Anthrax. It is a gram positive spore bearing bacteria, and the disease is typically associated with grazing animals, and affects the people as a zoonosis. The disease can be classically transmitted by three routes namely: cutaneous, gastrointestinal and pulmonary, with a fourth route recently identified as "injection anthrax", seen in intravenous drug abusers. Cutaneous anthrax is the commonest form in humans, accounting for 95% of all the cases. There are two main virulence factors of this bacteria, a capsule and an exotoxin, each carried by a separate toxin. Two models have been used for explaining the pathogenesis of this infection. The earlier one or "Trojan horse" model is now replaced with "jail-break" model. Centers for disease control (CDC) has issued updated guidelines for diagnosis, post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment. For immunization, anthrax vaccine absorbed is available.
引用
收藏
页码:456 / 458
页数:3
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