THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR GLAUCOMA

Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies that involves the death of retinal ganglion cells, the consequent deformation of the optic nerve head and a progressive reduction in the visual field. The disease can be associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to accumulation of aqueous humor. The buildup of aqueous fluid compresses the nerve fibers of the optic nerve, leading to damage and loss of vision. There is no cure for glaucoma, although the condition can be managed through reduction of IOP. In general, existing pharmacotherapy consists of improving the flow or reducing the production of intraocular fluid. Available agents include miotics, beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogues and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists. However, the search continues for more effective treatment strategies for glaucoma, with investigation focusing on identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention. This article presents those drug targets that are currently under active investigation for the treatment of glaucoma.