Regulation of dedifferentiation and differentiation in different explants of Papaver rhoeas L. by one-step culture

The corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) is an important horticultural plant and one of the most well-known members of the Papaveraceae. The species is also used for the treatment of various diseases in folk medicine. Using a biotechnological approach, this species can be further improved. However, the corn poppy is a recalcitrant plant species for tissue culture. Here, we investigated what effects explant type and different auxins and cytokinins had on callus induction and shoot formation. Root, hypocotyl, cotyledon, petiole, and leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of the auxins picloram, naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1) and the cytokinins 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1). There was a significant difference in callus induction among the explants and combinations of plant growth regulators at p = 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively. The best results for callus induction were observed in petiole and leaf explants on MS medium containing 1.0 mg L-1 picloram and 0.1 mg L-1 BAP (89.2%). Adventitious shoots frequently formed when root explants were cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg L-1 picloram and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP. Over 70.8% of the root explants successfully produced adventitious shoots, but the other explants did not exhibit any shoot formation. Therefore, we found the optimal culture media for regulating dedifferentiation (callus induction) and differentiation (shoot formation) by using several explants.