Acute Pancreatitis After the Use of Belimumab in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Case Report and Review of Literature

Belimumab is a B-cell depletion therapy that has emerged as an effective and safe treatment option for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), but ongoing phase IV trials continue to report its common and rare adverse effects. Our case report seeks to add data to the existing literature on the safety profile of belimumab. We report an interesting and complicated case of a 30-year-old female with a 12-year history of SLE and multiple treatment failures who developed acute pancreatitis in the context of the initiation of belimumab. The temporal link between the two events made us undertake a review of literature on the efficacy and safety of belimumab. We used PubMed and Medline to shortlist eight studies that included phase III parent and extension clinical trials of belimumab that had been conducted in the past 10 years and illustrated the results in a tabulated form. The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved belimumab as a safe and effective treatment option for SLE. The BLISS-52, BLISS-76, and BLISS-SC trials along with their extension trials showed that SRI (SLE Responder Index) was higher in the patient cohorts that were treated with IV (intravenous) or SC (subcutaneous) belimumab. According to the website "eHealthMe.com", which tracks the incidence of adverse events from drugs by allowing people to report events, 14100 people reported side effects when taking belimumab and among them, 29 people (0.21%) reported acute pancreatitis. Time on belimumab when patients had acute pancreatitis was 1-2 years for 52% of the patients and 1-6 months for 40% of the patients; 96% of the patients were females. The age group at which it was most reported was 40-49 years. Additional data is needed to enable a better characterization of the pathophysiology and nature of acute pancreatitis as a possible side effect of belimumab.