Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, improves model-assessed β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aims/Hypothesis: The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, increases levels of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1 is known to stimulate insulin secretion, vildagliptin does not affect plasma insulin levels in diabetic patients, suggesting that more sophisticated measures are necessary to ascertain the influence of vildagliptin on beta-cell function. Methods: This study examined the effects of 28-d treatment with vildagliptin (100 mg, twice daily; n = 9) vs. placebo (n = 11) on beta-cell function in diabetic patients using a mathematical model that describes the insulin secretory rate as a function of glucose levels (beta-cell dose response), the change in glucose with time (derivative component), and a potentiation factor, which is a function of time and may reflect the actions of nonglucose secretagogues and other factors. Results: Vildagliptin significantly increased the insulin secretory rate at 7 mmol/liter glucose ( secretory tone), calculated from the dose response; the difference in least squares mean (Delta LSM) was 101 +/- 51 pmol (.) min(-1) (.) m(-2) (P = 0.002). The slope of the beta-cell dose response, the derivative component, and the potentiation factor were not affected. Vildagliptin also significantly decreased mean prandial glucose (Delta LSM, -1.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/liter; P = 0.01) and glucagon (Delta LSM, -10.7 +/- 4.8 ng/liter; P = 0.03) levels and increased plasma levels of intact GLP-1 (Delta LSM, +10.8 +/- 1.6 pmol/liter; P < 0.0001) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (Delta LSM, +43.4 +/- 9.4 pmol/liter; P < 0.0001) relative to placebo. Conclusion: Vildagliptin is an incretin degradation inhibitor that improves beta-cell function in diabetic patients by increasing the insulin secretory tone.