Probabilistic impact assessment of residential BESSs on the HC of LV distribution systems

The penetration level of residential battery energy storage systems (BESSs) has been increasing in recent years. However, it is still not clear how they would impact the hosting capacity of a network. This paper presents an optimization-based framework to assess the impact of BESSs and network tariffs on the minimum photovoltaic hosting capacity (MPVHC) of distribution systems. The paper considers a rule-based as well as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based home energy management schemes to schedule the BESSs. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the Monte Carlo approach. It is shown that the proposed method identifies a considerably more accurate result than Monte Carlo approach. Then, the proposed methodology is applied to 128 real low voltage feeders in the U.K. The simulation results show that the effectiveness of BESSs in increasing the MPVHC depends on the penetration of BESSs in the system and the scheduling scheme of BESSs. Further, the MPVHC increases more in the cost minimization scheme compared to the self-consumption minimization. Finally, it is shown that both flat and Time-of-Use tariffs have a similar effect on the MPVHC.