Search for point sources of ultra-high-energy photons with the Telescope Array surface detector

被引：9

作者：

Abbasi, R. U. ^{[1
,2
]}

Abe, M. ^{[3
]}

Abu-Zayyad, T. ^{[1
,2
]}

Allen, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Azuma, R. ^{[4
]}

Barcikowski, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Belz, J. W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bergman, D. R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Blake, S. A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cady, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cheon, B. G. ^{[5
,6
]}

Chiba, J. ^{[7
]}

Chikawa, M. ^{[8
]}

di Matteo, A. ^{[9
]}

Fujii, T. ^{[10
,11
]}

Fujita, K. ^{[12
]}

Fujiwara, R. ^{[12
]}

Fukushima, M. ^{[13
,14
]}

Furlich, G. ^{[1
,2
]}

Hanlon, W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Hayashi, M. ^{[15
]}

Hayashi, Y. ^{[12
]}

Hayashida, N. ^{[16
]}

Hibino, K. ^{[16
]}

Honda, K. ^{[17
]}

Ikeda, D. ^{[13
]}

Inoue, N. ^{[3
]}

Ishii, T. ^{[17
]}

Ishimori, R. ^{[4
]}

Ito, H. ^{[18
]}

Ivanov, D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Jeong, H. M. ^{[19
]}

Jeong, S. ^{[19
]}

Jui, C. C. H. ^{[1
,2
]}

Kadota, K. ^{[20
]}

Kakimoto, F. ^{[4
]}

Kalashev, O. ^{[21
]}

Kasahara, K. ^{[22
]}

Kawai, H. ^{[23
]}

Kawakami, S. ^{[12
]}

Kawana, S. ^{[3
]}

Kawata, K. ^{[13
]}

Kido, E. ^{[13
]}

Kim, H. B. ^{[5
,6
]}

Kim, J. H. ^{[1
,2
,24
]}

Kishigami, S. ^{[12
]}

Kuzmin, V ^{[21
]}

Kuznetsov, M. ^{[9
,21
]}

Kwon, Y. J. ^{[25
]}

Lee, K. H. ^{[19
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA

[2] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT USA

[3] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Saitama, Japan

[4] Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Meguro Ku, Tokyo, Japan

[5] Hanyang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea

[6] Hanyang Univ, Res Inst Nat Sci, Seoul, South Korea

[7] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Noda, Chiba, Japan

[8] Kindai Univ, Dept Phys, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan

[9] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Phys Theor, Brussels, Belgium

[10] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan

[11] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan

[12] Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka, Japan

[13] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba, Japan

[14] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Todai Inst Adv Study, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan

[15] Shinshu Univ, Informat Engn Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Nagano, Nagano, Japan

[16] Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

[17] Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan

[18] RIKEN, Astrophys Big Bang Lab, Saitama, Japan

[19] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon, South Korea

[20] Tokyo City Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan

[21] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia

[22] Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan

[23] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba, Japan

[24] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Phys, UNIST Gil, Ulsan, South Korea

[25] Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea

[26] Shinshu Univ, Acad Assembly Sch Sci & Technol, Inst Engn, Nagano, Nagano, Japan

[27] Kochi Univ, Fac Sci, Kochi, Japan

[28] Osaka City Univ, Nambu Yoichiro Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Osaka, Japan

[29] Ritsumeikan Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan

[30] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow, Russia

[31] Rutgers Univ State Univ New Jersey, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ USA

[32] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan

[33] Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Sci, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan

[34] Hiroshima City Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci, Hiroshima, Japan

[35] Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

[36] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba, Chiba, Japan

[37] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, CEICO, Prague, Czech Republic

[38] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea

[39] Ewha Womans Univ, Inst Early Universe, Seoul, South Korea

[40] Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan

来源：

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY | 2020年 / 492卷 / 03期

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会; 俄罗斯科学基金会; 美国国家科学基金会; 日本学术振兴会;

关键词：

methods: data analysis; cosmic rays; gamma-rays: general; COSMIC-RAYS; UPPER LIMIT; CONSTRAINTS; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; FRACTION; SHOWERS; FLUX;

D O I：

10.1093/mnras/stz3618

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The surface detector (SD) of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment allows us to detect indirectly photons with energies of the order of 10(18) eV and higher, and to separate photons from the cosmic ray background. In this paper, we present the results of a blind search for point sources of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons in the Northern sky using the TA SD data. The photon-induced extensive air showers are separated from the hadron-induced extensive air shower background by means of a multivariate classifier based upon 16 parameters that characterize the air shower events. No significant evidence for the photon point sources is found. The upper limits are set on the flux of photons from each particular direction in the sky within the TA field of view, according to the experiment's angular resolution for photons. The average 95 per cent confidence level upper-limits for the point-source flux of photons with energies greater than 10(18), 10(18.5), 10(19), 10(19.5) and 10(29) eV are 0.094, 0.029, 0.010, 0.0073 and 0.0058 km(-2) yr(-1), respectively. For energies higher than 10(18.5) eV, the photon point-source limits are set for the first time. Numerical results for each given direction in each energy range are provided as a supplement to this paper.

引用

页码：3984 / 3993

页数：10

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