Pyruvic acid-catalyzed one-pot three-component green synthesis of isoxazoles in aqueous medium: a comparable study of conventional heating versus ultra-sonication

A mild and efficient route for the one-pot synthesis of isoxazole derivatives has been developed using pyruvic acid as a catalyst under an aqueous medium. The reaction was carried out under conventional as well as ultrasonic conditions to afford the desired product in good yield. The features of this protocol are the use of environmental-friendly, commercially available, biodegradable catalyst, use of biologically safe solvent, simple experimental procedure and short reaction times. The given protocol can be a better alternative for the synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-one derivatives as compared to traditional methods.