Emergent control in the context of industry 4.0

The principles of self-organization and emerging systems are based on the philosophy of distributed systems, where a large number of elementary units execute a set of usually simple local rules and interact only with some of their neighboring units, so that a desired behavior globally appears. It has demonstrated its potential as a feasible alternative for the control of complex systems, which are characterized by their dynamism, unpredictability, imprecision, uncertainty, without fixed limits, incomplete information, and also, with high levels of complexity and heterogeneity, among other things. In this sense, this paper explores the studies carried out around the emergent control systems, to deepen their conceptual bases, principles, architecture and methodologies. Also, the paper studies their role in the context of Cyber-Physical Systems, analyzing its applications and contributions to the Industry 4.0. In this way, this paper carries out a systematic review of the literature, in order to determine the trends in this domain, and the challenges and future directions.