Optimization of protein force-field parameters with the Protein Data Bank

We propose a novel method to optimize existing force-field parameters for protein systems. The method consists of minimizing the summation of the square of the force acting on each atom in the proteins with the structures from the Protein Data Bank. We performed this optimization to the partial-charge and torsion-energy parameters of the AMBER parm94 force field, using 100 molecules from the Protein Data Bank. We then performed folding simulations of alpha-helical and beta-hairpin peptides. The optimized force-field parameters gave structures more consistent with the experimental implications than the original AMBER force field. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.