Multifunctional liquid lens for variable focus and aperture

In this paper, we present a novel multifunctional liquid lens (MLL) for high-performance miniature cameras. The proposed MLL firstly offers concurrent variable-focus and variable-aperture functions in a single lens system solely using electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) actuation. To perform both optical functions, the MLL employs two immiscible liquids and controls liquid-liquid interfaces directly through the application of voltage. The performances of both optical functions are experimentally verified by using a prototype of the MLL Finally, as proof of concept, the simultaneous operation of the variable-focus and variable-aperture functions are demonstrated. The MLL has not only a wide range of tunability but also a simple design structure to be easily miniaturized for camera modules embedded in smart mobile devices and biomedical imaging systems. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.