Cow milk protein allergy and lactose intolerance

Cow (also buffalo) milk protein allergy (CMPA) and Lactose Intolerance (LI) due to ingestion of milk are global issues. CMPA could be either immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated or non-IgE-mediated, while LI is a non-allergic response. CMPA affected infants immediately after milk ingestion, express the symptoms which include urticaria, angio-oedema, vomiting or an acute flare of atopic dermatitis. If such symptoms are observed, parents should always consult a pediatrician/nutritionist/physician. The IgE-mediated CMPA can be detected by skin prick test. Boiling the milk can partly overcome CMPA. The other option is an alternate diet, such as, soya milk and rice water. LI is not an allergy. The major symptoms of LI are abdominal bloating and cramps, borborygmus (gurgling noise in the intestine), diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. LI is a major problem in Southeast Asia and responsible for low milk consumption in countries in this region. To overcome LI, milk can be consumed as curd or yogurt or other milk products or by taking proper dose of lactase along with milk.