Bit error probability of narrow-band digital FM with limiter-discriminator-integrator detection in Hoyt mobile radio fading channels

Performance analysis of narrow-band digital frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation with limiter-discriminator-integrator (LDI) detection over Hoyt mobile fading channels is presented. Closed form expressions are derived for the probability density function (PDF) of the phase angle between two Hoyt fading vectors, for the phase noise due to additive Gaussian noise, as well as for the average number of FM clicks occurring at the output of a digital FM receiver. Then, based on these investigated quantities, a formula for the bit error probability (BER) of FSK transmission over Hoyt channels is deduced. Since the Rayleigh fading model is a special case of the Hoyt model, the derived quantities are verified to reduce to known results corresponding to Rayleigh fading. A numerical example is given to illustrate the analysis and study the influence of the fading severity as well as the FM system parameters on the error performance.