Two extracellular transcriptional compartments, mitochondria and plastids. are active in plants, depending mainly on nucleus-encoded proteins for transcription. Several nuclear genes encoding RNA polymerases have been cloned from a variety of organisms and their subcellular localization studied in detail. Surprisingly. the transit peptide of a recently published phage-type RNA polymerase from Arabidopsis(RpoT2) possesses dual targeting properties to both mitochondria and chloroplasts, inferring involvement in the transcription of two different genomes. Possible implications of such a complex system are discussed in this article.