Temperament Moderators of Prospective Associations Between Community Violence Exposure and Urban African American Adolescents' Aggressive Behavior

Research suggests that neighborhood risks are associated with internalizing symptoms for adolescents high on temperament characteristics related to the behavioral inhibition system (BIS). However, it is unclear whether newer conceptualizations of theBIS distinguishing fear from anxiety operate similarly. Furthermore, it is unclear whether theBIS attenuates community violence exposure effects on externalizing problems. The current study examined whetherthe BIS or thefight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) moderated associations between community violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants were 367 urban African American adolescents who reported on temperament characteristics in grade 9, and community violence exposure and adjustment problems in grades 9 and 10. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that theFFFS, but not theBIS, moderated the association between community violence exposure and aggressive behavior. Grade 9 community violence exposure was positively associated with grade 10 aggression for adolescents low on FFFS, suggesting that theFFFS may partly differentiate community violence-exposed adolescents' aggressive behavior.