Litigability and defensibility in neurology and neurosurgery. A "therapeutic" model for handling claims for malpractice care

Despite its indisputable importance, there are not many official data on claims for malpractice at the national level in Spain, mainly due to transfers from Health to the Autonomous Communities. This lack of unified information, together with other variables related to modern Healthcare Medicine (type of healthcare system, ethical aspects, consent, patients' rights, new technologies, etc.), complicates the healthcare professional's response to claims, and could not guarantee adequate protection of this against possible liability. This article analyzes the current situation in Spain and emphasizes aspects such as defensibility and liability in malpractice claims, taking as a model the Neurosurgery Specialty, one of the most prone to this type of situation. Prevention and action guidelines are offered, through a model aimed at reinforcing defensibility and reducing liability. This approach, which we call a "therapeutic model", considers the problem analogously to a disease, providing the basis for its prevention and management. We believe that this approach can be useful both to the neurosurgeon and to any healthcare provider at a time, such as today, when there is some confusion on these issues and some reluctance of insurance companies to provide coverage in some cases. (C) 2021 Sociedad Espanola de Neurocirugia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.