Optimal Low Temperature Charging of Lithium-ion Batteries

A lithium-plating side reaction at the lithiated graphite (LiC6) anode leads to poor safety of the lithium-ion battery. Faster charging at normal temperature may lead to a plating side reaction during the end of charging at the anode-separator interface. At lower temperature, the lithium-plating side reaction may become thermodynamically favorable during almost the entire charging period. even at low rates. This paper uses an electrochemical engineering model and dynamic optimization framework to derive charging profiles to minimize lithium plating at low temperatures. Transport parameters for lithium-ion battery are very sensitive at low temperatures. This paper shows the derivation of the optimal charging profile considering strict lower bounds on the plating reaction depending on various thermal insulation conditions (adiabatic, isothermal, and normal heat transfer coefficient) surrounding the battery. (c) 2015, IFAC (International Federation or Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.