SSR-based genome-wide association study in turkish durum wheat germplasms revealed novel QTL of accumulated platinum

Background Durum wheat has a genetic capacity to accumulate toxic metals that can exceed the safety limit of the international standards, which may seriously affect human health. Identifying germplasms with low, nontoxic accumulated metal contents is important to select and develop new varieties. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the levels of accumulated platinum in durum wheat and detect novel QTL. Methods and Results Platinum contents were determined using 130 durum genotypes. Results generally showed low values of accumulated Pt and significantly less than the maximum grain's Pt content determined by international standards. Pt contents among genotypes varied from <= 0.001 to 0.72 mu g/kg with an average of 0.02. Landraces showed the lowest average accumulated Pt. GWAS was then performed with 780 SSR markers. Five QTL were detected and explained 14.4-23.1% of the total phenotypic variation. Chromosomes 3 A, 3B, and 5B appear to be hotspots and may play a crucial role in accumulated Pt and were harbored in 1, 3, and 1 QTL, respectively. Conclusions This assessment of accumulated Pt within a unique panel included accessions mostly from Turkish regions, and GWAS used is the first study regarding accumulated Pt indices to reveal novel QTL. It will allow breeders to accelerate their selection of proper genotypes according to desired alleles and offer an opportunity to apply MAS to minimize Pt toxicity in durum wheat. Results indicated that the significance of genome (B) regions are likely related to the inheritance control of Pt content and may play a pivotal role regarding durum wheat's Pt contents. Nonetheless, these novel QTL should be validated in independent populations in numerous environments.