Effects of diel un-ionized ammonia fluctuation on juvenile hybrid striped bass, channel catfish, and blue tilapia

被引:80
作者
Hargreaves, JA [1 ]
Kucuk, S [1 ]
机构
[1] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
关键词
ammonia; pH; toxicity; hybrid striped bass; channel catfish; tilapia;
D O I
10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00543-3
中图分类号
S9 [水产、渔业];
学科分类号
0908 ;
摘要
The effects of variable and fluctuating sublethal ammonia concentrations on plasma ammonia concentration, growth, feed conversion ratio and survival of juvenile hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops female X M. saxatilis male, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus were evaluated in each of three sequential growth periods. Fish were cultured in a flow-through system in which pH was controlled to represent the diel pH variation known to occur in eutrophic aquaculture ponds. During the first growth period (29 days), pH was maintained at 8.0. During the second growth period (22-43 days), pH was controlled to fluctuate daily from 7.75 to 9.00, and during the third growth period (47-53 days), pH was controlled to fluctuate daily from 7.50 to 9.50. Four nominal total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) concentrations (0, 1, 2.5 and 5 mg l(-1)) were established as treatment groups. Plasma TAN concentrations of each species responded rapidly to changes in environmental NH3-N concentration. Channel catfish most effectively excluded ammonia from blood. Plasma TAN concentrations of blue tilapia were greater than those of hybrid striped bass and channel catfish. Of the three species evaluated, hybrid striped bass was the most sensitive to unionized ammonia and died following brief daily exposure to 0.91 mg l(-1) NH3-N (2.5 mg l(-1) TAN at pH 9.00). Hybrid striped bass growth was affected by daily brief exposure to 0.65 mg l(-1) NH3-N, but was not affected by brief daily exposure to 0.37 mg l(-1) MH3-N (P > 0.05). Brief daily exposure to 0.91 mg l(-1) NH3-N did not affect channel catfish or blue tilapia growth and feed conversion ratio. The results of this study, in combination with published reports of ammonia concentrations that are normally prevalent in eutrophic aquaculture ponds, suggest that sublethal ammonia exposure in such ponds has a minimal effect on fish growth. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:163 / 181
页数:19
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