Optimal design of second generation current conveyor using craziness-based particle swarm optimisation

In this paper, a population-based meta-heuristic search algorithm called craziness-based particle swarm optimisation (CRPSO) has been employed for the optimal design of positive second-generation current conveyor based on a trans-linear loop (CCII+). CRPSO accepts several random variables for encompassing improved and quicker search and utilisation in multidimensional search space. The main goal of this work is to optimally size the CCII+ building block to attain the suitable aspect ratios of the MOS transistors. To enhance the performance of a CCII+ design, it needs to increase the higher cut-off frequency of the current signal (f(CI)) as well as to decrease the input X-port parasitic resistance (R-X). Accordingly, the optimisation problem is developed as a bi-objective problem of minimisation to obtain the least value of R-X and the superior value of f(CI). The current conveyor is simulated and validated using UMC 180 nm CMOS technology with a power supply of +/- 2.5 V in Cadence Virtuoso XL Design Environment.