An algorithmic approach for diagnosis and treatment of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Elective surgeries, especially aesthetic operations in plastic surgery, require surgeons to provide a holistic and comprehensive explanation of possible procedural risks and long-term consequences. Recently, the use of breast implants for aesthetic breast augmentation or breast reconstruction after tumour resection has gained public attention as the numbers of patients with rare breast implant-associated diseases have been rising worldwide, while the aetiopathogenesis remains unclear. BIA-ALCL was classified as a lymphatic neoplasm by the World Health Organization in 2016. Meanwhile, almost 800 cases have been documented, especially in patients that received textured implants. This malignant disease has led to a great level of uncertainty and scepticism in patients and the public. Hence, it is a central task of plastic surgeons to understand this rare disease, to recognise it at an early stage and help those affected by clear recommendations for action. The following manuscript summarises current approaches for diagnosis and treatment.