Background Evidence from animal studies has indicated that neonatal thyroid function is vital for the reproductive development. Anogenital distance (AGD), a sensitive biomarker of the fetal hormonal milieu, can be used to predict adult reproductive disorders. However, few human studies have examined the association between neonatal thyroid function and AGD. We aimed to explore their associations in a birth cohort study. Methods Concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (THs), including total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in cord plasma in the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort. The offspring AGD (AGD(AP) [anus-penis] and AGD(AS) [anus-scrotum] for boys and AGD(AC) [anus-clitoris] and AGD(AF) [anus-fourchette] for girls), body weight and anogenital index (AGI = AGD/weight [mm/kg]) were obtained at each follow-up visit. In total, 344 children (194 boys and 150 girls) with cord plasma concentrations of THs and TSH and at least one AGD measurement at birth and at 6, 12, and 48 months of age were included. Multiple linear regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine the associations of cord plasma concentrations of THs and TSH with AGI. Results Multiple linear regression models showed inverse associations of TT4, FT3, and FT4 with female AGI, although statistical significance was only reached at birth, 6 and 48 months of age. These associations were also found in GEE models: higher TT4 and FT4 concentrations were associated with lower AGI(AC) (TT4: beta = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.50, -0.03 for middle vs. lowest tertile; FT4: beta = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.16 for middle and beta = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.55, -0.04 for highest vs. lowest tertile). Besides, girls with the highest tertile of FT3 concentrations had lower AGI(AF) than those with the lowest tertile (the highest vs. lowest tertile: beta = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.08). Positive associations between TSH and AGI at birth and at 12 months of age were observed in boys. Conclusions This study provides further evidence on the effects of neonatal thyroid function on reproductive development at an early life stage.
机构:
Karlstad Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden
Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USAErasmus MC, Acad Ctr Thyroid Dis, NL-3051 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
Korevaar, Tim I. M.
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机构:
Erasmus MC, Acad Ctr Thyroid Dis, NL-3051 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, NL-3051 GE Rotterdam, NetherlandsErasmus MC, Acad Ctr Thyroid Dis, NL-3051 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
机构:
Karlstad Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden
Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USAErasmus MC, Acad Ctr Thyroid Dis, NL-3051 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
Korevaar, Tim I. M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Erasmus MC, Acad Ctr Thyroid Dis, NL-3051 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, NL-3051 GE Rotterdam, NetherlandsErasmus MC, Acad Ctr Thyroid Dis, NL-3051 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands