Association Between Neonatal Thyroid Function and Anogenital Distance from Birth to 48 Months of Age

被引:0
作者
Luan, Min [1 ,2 ]
Liang, Hong [2 ]
Fang, Guanghong [2 ]
Wang, Ziliang [2 ]
Su, Xiujuan [3 ]
Chen, Aimin [4 ]
Miao, Maohua [2 ]
Yuan, Wei [2 ]
机构
[1] Fudan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai Inst Biomed & Pharmaceut Technol, Natl Hlth Commiss NHC Key Lab Reprod Regulat, Shanghai, Peoples R China
[2] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Inst Biomed & Pharmaceut Technol, NHC Key Lab Reprod Regulat, Shanghai, Peoples R China
[3] Tongji Univ, Shanghai Matern & Infant Hosp 1, Clin Res Ctr, Sch Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Biostat Epidemiol & Informat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
来源
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY | 2021年 / 12卷
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
neonatal thyroid function; thyroid hormones; anogenital distance; anogenital index; cohort study; HORMONE-LEVELS; INFANTS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; EDUCATION; SHANGHAI; EXPOSURE; INCOME; COHORT; AXIS;
D O I
10.3389/fendo.2021.736505
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Background Evidence from animal studies has indicated that neonatal thyroid function is vital for the reproductive development. Anogenital distance (AGD), a sensitive biomarker of the fetal hormonal milieu, can be used to predict adult reproductive disorders. However, few human studies have examined the association between neonatal thyroid function and AGD. We aimed to explore their associations in a birth cohort study. Methods Concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (THs), including total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in cord plasma in the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort. The offspring AGD (AGD(AP) [anus-penis] and AGD(AS) [anus-scrotum] for boys and AGD(AC) [anus-clitoris] and AGD(AF) [anus-fourchette] for girls), body weight and anogenital index (AGI = AGD/weight [mm/kg]) were obtained at each follow-up visit. In total, 344 children (194 boys and 150 girls) with cord plasma concentrations of THs and TSH and at least one AGD measurement at birth and at 6, 12, and 48 months of age were included. Multiple linear regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine the associations of cord plasma concentrations of THs and TSH with AGI. Results Multiple linear regression models showed inverse associations of TT4, FT3, and FT4 with female AGI, although statistical significance was only reached at birth, 6 and 48 months of age. These associations were also found in GEE models: higher TT4 and FT4 concentrations were associated with lower AGI(AC) (TT4: beta = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.50, -0.03 for middle vs. lowest tertile; FT4: beta = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.16 for middle and beta = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.55, -0.04 for highest vs. lowest tertile). Besides, girls with the highest tertile of FT3 concentrations had lower AGI(AF) than those with the lowest tertile (the highest vs. lowest tertile: beta = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.08). Positive associations between TSH and AGI at birth and at 12 months of age were observed in boys. Conclusions This study provides further evidence on the effects of neonatal thyroid function on reproductive development at an early life stage.
引用
收藏
页数:11
相关论文
共 45 条
  • [1] Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and seminal parameters in hyperthyroid males
    Abalovich, M
    Levalle, O
    Hermes, R
    Scaglia, H
    Aranda, C
    Zylbersztein, C
    Oneto, A
    Aquilano, D
    Gutierrez, S
    [J]. THYROID, 1999, 9 (09) : 857 - 863
  • [2] [Anonymous], 2017, MATERNAL SOCIOECONOM
  • [3] Thyroid hormones and androgens differentially regulate gene expression in testes and ovaries of sexually mature Silurana tropicalis
    Campbell, D. E. K.
    Langlois, V. S.
    [J]. GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, 2018, 267 : 172 - 182
  • [4] Reference Ranges and Determinants of Thyroid Function During Early Pregnancy: The SELMA Study
    Derakhshan, Arash
    Shu, Huan
    Broeren, Maarten A. C.
    de Poortere, Ralph A.
    Wikstrom, Sverre
    Peeters, Robin P.
    Demeneix, Barbara
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Korevaar, Tim I. M.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, 2018, 103 (09) : 3548 - 3556
  • [5] Effect of hypothyroidism on ovarian follicular development, granulosa cell proliferation and peripheral hormone levels in the prepubertal rat
    Dijkstra, G
    deRooij, DG
    deJong, FH
    vandenHurk, R
    [J]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, 1996, 134 (05) : 649 - 654
  • [6] Doufas AG, 2000, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V900, P65
  • [7] Mechanisms of crosstalk between endocrine systems: Regulation of sex steroid hormone synthesis and action by thyroid hormones
    Duarte-Guterman, Paula
    Navarro-Martin, Laia
    Trudeau, Vance L.
    [J]. GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, 2014, 203 : 69 - 85
  • [8] The Relationship Between Anogenital Distance and Reproductive Hormone Levels in Adult Men
    Eisenberg, Michael L.
    Jensen, Tina K.
    Walters, R. Chanc
    Skakkebaek, Niels E.
    Lipshultz, Larry I.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, 2012, 187 (02) : 594 - 598
  • [9] Advanced Maternal Age, Mode of Delivery, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Chinese Newborns
    Fan, Pianpian
    Luo, Zhong-Cheng
    Tang, Ning
    Wang, Weiye
    Liu, Zhiwei
    Jun, Zhang
    Ouyang, Fengxiu
    [J]. FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY, 2020, 10
  • [10] Thyroid hormone as a regulator of basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin-stimulated steroidogenesis by cultured porcine theca and granulosa cells isolated at different stages of the follicular phase
    Gregoraszczuk, EL
    Skalka, M
    [J]. REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT, 1996, 8 (06) : 961 - 967