Patterns and mechanisms of transpiration in a large subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

被引:19
作者
Herzog, KM
Thum, R
Kronfuss, G
Heldstab, HJ
Hasler, R [1 ]
机构
[1] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL, FNP, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
[2] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Bot, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
[3] Univ Zurich, Dept Ecol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
关键词
crown structure; interception; Picea abies; transpiration mechanism; sap flow;
D O I
10.1046/j.1440-1703.1998.00250.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
In situ water relations of a large subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies) were analyzed by simultaneous measurements of sap flow at different crown positions. In the diurnal scale, transpiration varied greatly, both spatially and temporally. Over longer periods, however, different parts of the crown transpired in fairly constant proportions. The average estimated transpiration was about 3.5 times greater in the upper than in the lower half and decreased 1.6-fold from south to north. Water intercepted from rain, fog and dew buffered and significantly decreased the transpiration. The effect was strongest in those parts which were least coupled to the free atmosphere. The top of the clown seemed to experience a regular shortage of water shortly after starting transpiration, when it was forced to switch from internal reserves to sources in the soil. Further, lower branches then started transpiring, which may have led them to compete for the water. An enhanced nocturnal sap flow during warm and dry winds (Foehn) indicated that the tree also transpired at night. Shaded twigs had more capacity to intercept water externally than twigs in the sun. The significance of the crown structure for interaction with water in both liquid and vapour phases is discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:105 / 116
页数:12
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