From hopanoids to cholesterol: Molecular clocks of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels

被引:23
作者
Barrantes, Francisco J. [1 ]
Fantini, Jacques [2 ]
机构
[1] UCA, CONICET, Fac Med Sci, Lab Mol Neurobiol,Inst Biomed Res BIOMED, Av Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600,C1107AFF, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
[2] Aix Marseille Univ, Interact Mol & Syst Membranaires, EA 4674, Marseille, France
关键词
Evolution; Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels; Steroids; Cholesterol; Hopanoids; Ion channel evolution; Gloeobacter; Erwinia; NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; LIPID-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; GLOEOBACTER-VIOLACEUS; BINDING-SITES; TRYPTOPHAN SUBSTITUTIONS; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS; RICH MEMBRANES; GENERAL-ANESTHETICS;
D O I
10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.003
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) and their lipid microenvironments appear to have acquired mutually adaptive traits along evolution: 1) the three-ring architecture of their transmembrane (TM) region; 2) the ability of the outermost TM ring to convey lipid signals to the middle ring, which passes them on to the central pore ring, and 3) consensus motifs for sterol recognition in all pLGICs. Hopanoids are triterpenoid fossil lipids that constitute invaluable biomarkers for tracing evolution at the molecular scale. The cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus is the oldest known living organism in which the X-ray structure of its pLGIC, GLIC, reveals the presence of the above attributes and, as discussed in this review, the ability to bind hopanoids. ELIC, the pLGIC from the bacillus Erwinia chrysanthemi is the only other known case to date. Both prokaryotes lack cholesterol but their pLGICs exhibit the same sterol motifs as mammalian pLGIC. This remarkable conservation suggests that the association of sterols and hopanoid surrogate molecules arose from the early need in prokaryotes to stabilize pLGIC TM regions by means of relatively rigid lipid molecules. The conservation of these phenotypic traits along such a long phylogenetic span leads us to suggest the possible co-evolution of these sterols with pLGICs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 13
页数:13
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