Cutmarked bones from Pliocene archaeological sites, at Gona, Afar, Ethiopia:: implications for the function of the world's oldest stone tools

被引:176
作者
Domínguez-Rodrigo, M
Pickering, TR
Semaw, S
Rogers, MJ
机构
[1] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Prehist, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[2] Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[3] Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
[4] Indiana Univ, CRAFT Res Ctr, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
[5] Stone Age Inst, Bloomington, IN 47433 USA
[6] Univ Witwatersrand, Sterkfontein Res Unit, ZA-2050 Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa
[7] So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06515 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Pliocene; hominids; stone tools; cutmarks; carcass; evisceration; defleshing/filleting;
D O I
10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.004
中图分类号
Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
030303 ;
摘要
Newly recorded archaeological sites at Gona (Afar, Ethiopia) preserve both stone tools and faunal remains. These sites have also yielded the largest sample of cutmarked bones known from the time interval 2.58-2.1 million years ago (Ma). Most of the cutmarks on the Gona fauna possess obvious macroscopic (e.g., deep V-shaped cross-sections) and microscopic (e.g., internal microstriations, Herzian cones, shoulder effects) features that allow us to identify them confidently as instances of stone tool-imparted damage caused by hominid butchery. In addition, preliminary observations of the anatomical placement of cutmarks on several of the recovered bone specimens suggest that Gona hominids may have eviscerated carcasses and defleshed the fully muscled upper and intermediate limb bones of ungulates-activities that further suggest that Late Pliocene hominids may have gained early access to large mammal carcasses. These observations support the hypothesis that the earliest stone artifacts functioned primarily as butchery tools and also imply that hunting and/or aggressive scavenging of large ungulate carcasses may have been part of the behavioral repertoire of hominids by c. 2.5 Ma, although a larger sample of cutmarked bone specimens is necessary to support the latter inference. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:109 / 121
页数:13
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