This paper is focused on prosperity and stability of the segment of small and medium enterprises (SME) in the Czech Republic. In the analysis of detailed data from the Czech Statistical Office, we used mainly Labour Productivity calculation and we introduced "Importance factor" that allowed us to determine how significant share to all businesses creates individual types of SME with differentiation on examining industry. Through the Labour productivity, we investigated which industry sectors and which categories within SME segment are the most effective (from this perspective). The intention was to outline the tendency and trends, which industry sectors and size category within the SME segment appear to be stable especially in economic downturns and tend to recover successfully, and to contribute further to the prosperity of our country, although it is clear that it is significantly wider range of the factors having an influence on the latter in the day to day business reality. The article offers a data base for example for options in structural state policy or employment policy in the case of economic decline in the performance of businesses.
