Activation of 5-HT1A receptors attenuates tachycardia induced by restraint stress in rats

To better understand the central mechanisms that mediate increases in heart rate (HR) during psychological stress, we examined the effects of systemic and intramedullary (raphe region) administration of the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetraline (8-OH-DPAT) on cardiac changes elicited by restraint in hooded Wistar rats with preimplanted ECG telemetric transmitters. 8-OH-DPAT reduced basal HR from 356 +/- 12 to 284 +/- 12 beats/min, predominantly via a nonadrenergic, noncholinergic mechanism. Restraint stress caused tachycardia (an initial transient increase from 318 +/- 3 to 492 +/- 21 beats/min with a sustained component of 379 +/- 12 beats/min). beta-Adrenoreceptor blockade with atenolol suppressed the sustained component, whereas muscarinic blockade with methylscopolamine (50 mu g/kg) abolished the initial transient increase, indicating that sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal were responsible for the tachycardia. Systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT (10, 30, and 100 mu g/kg) attenuated stress-induced tachycardia in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was suppressed by the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 (100 mu g/kg). Given alone, the antagonist had no effect. Systemically injected 8-OH-DPAT (100 mu g/kg) attenuated the sympathetically mediated sustained component (from + 85 +/- 19 to +/- 32 +/- 9 beats/min) and the vagally mediated transient (from + 62 +/- 5 to + 25 +/- 3 beats/min). Activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the medullary raphe by microinjection of 8-OH-DPAT mimicked the antitachycardic effect of the systemically administered drug but did not affect basal HR. We conclude that tachycardia induced by restraint stress is due to a sustained increase in cardiac sympathetic activity associated with a transient vagal withdrawal. Activation of central 5-HT1A receptors attenuates this tachycardia by suppressing autonomic effects. At least some of the relevant receptors are located in the medullary rapheparapyramidal area.