On the gravitational deflection of light and particles

The gravitational deflection of light deduced from applying the equivalence principle is stated to be only half the general relativistic result. I show that the correct result is obtained entirely from applying the equivalence principle if the wave nature of light and particles is taken into account. This is equivalent to incorporating the gravitational redshift in the calculation. In Einstein's 1911 derivation, he used the wave aspect to get half the general relativistic value, but perhaps presumed that it was physically identical to the part that came from the application of the equivalence principle to the ray trajectory. Here I point out that the two contributions are independent and have different physical origin and characteristics. Adding the two contributions together gives the correct general relativistic value for light and particles. For material particles, the 'particle' part dominates, and for relativistic quantum particles, the deflection approaches that for light.