Search for the QCD critical point with fluctuations of conserved quantities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC: an overview

被引：351
作者：
Luo, Xiaofeng [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Xu, Nu [1 ,2 ,4 ]
机构：
[1] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
[2] Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[4] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
来源：
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES | 2017年 / 28卷 / 08期
基金：
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词：
QCD critical point; Fluctuations and correlations; Relativistic heavy-ion collisions; Conserved charges; NUMBER PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; FREEZE-OUT CONDITIONS; NET-PROTON; PHASE-DIAGRAM; MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS; CHARGE FLUCTUATIONS; RESONANCE DECAYS; HIGHER MOMENTS; LATTICE QCD; CUMULANTS;
D O I：
10.1007/s41365-017-0257-0
中图分类号：
TL [原子能技术]; O571 [原子核物理学];
学科分类号：
0827 ; 082701 ;
摘要：
Fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as baryon, electric charge, and strangeness number, are sensitive observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions to probe the QCD phase transition and search for the QCD critical point. In this paper, we review the experimental measurements of the cumulants (up to fourth order) of event-by event net-proton (proxy for net-baryon), net-charge and netkaon (proxy for net-strangeness) multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at root S-NN = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5,19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, 200 GeV from the first phase of beam energy scan program at the relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC). We also summarize the data analysis methods of suppressing the volume fluctuations, auto-correlations, and the unified description of efficiency correction and error estimation. Based on theoretical and model calculations, we will discuss the characteristic signatures of critical point as well as backgrounds for the fluctuation observables in heavy-ion collisions. The physics implications and the future second phase of the beam energy scan (2019-2020) at RHIC will also be discussed.
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页数：40
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