Beetle pollination and floral thermogenicity in Magnolia tamaulipana (Magnoliaceae)

被引:92
作者
Dieringer, G [1 ]
Cabrera, L
Lara, M
Loya, L
Reyes-Castillo, P
机构
[1] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA
[2] Univ Autonoma Tamaulipas, Inst Ecol & Alimentos, Cd Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
[3] Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico
关键词
Magnolia; Cyclocephala; floral thermogenicity; Mexico; cloud forest; pollination; reproductive biology;
D O I
10.1086/314099
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
The pollination biology involving floral thermogenicity of Magnolia tamaulipana was conducted at the El Cielo Reserve in Tamaulipas, Mexico, during May 1996. Our results indicate that M. tamaulipana possesses a highly specialized beetle pollination system involving Cyclocephala (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) and members of the Staphylinidae, Of the 366 insects visiting 213 flowers of M. tamaulipana, 364 were beetles. Cyclocephala caelestis accounted for 52% and Myrmecocephalus sp. for 46% of the visits. Breeding system experiments indicated that the flowers were self-compatible but only 44% of the open-pollinated stigmas were pollinated, Cyclocephala caelestis was frequently observed to feed on petals but never sepals. As a reward, flowers offered petals high in carbohydrate and low in fiber to Cyclocephala. The protogynous flowers of M, tamaulipana opened at night, were viable for a maximum of 24 h, and were thermogenic. Flowers were hottest when they first opened and female. Floral temperatures gradually declined with time and hence sexual phase and, 24 h after anthesis, were not different from ambient. Excess floral temperatures ranged from 1.0 degrees to 9.3 degrees C for female-phase flowers and from 0.2 degrees to 5.0 degrees C for male-phase flowers. The two species of beetles showed differential visitation to trees associated with floral thermogenicity. Our data indicate that large-flowered trees dissipate more heat and, therefore, more floral odor from their petals than small-flowered trees, thereby attracting a greater number of Cyclocephala.
引用
收藏
页码:64 / 71
页数:8
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