A discursive approach to disinhibition theory: The normalization of unsafe sex among gay men

HIV research and prevention commonly cite disinhibition theory as an explanation for HIV infection among gay men. Analyzing qualitative interview data in which men talk about recreational substance use and their safer sex practices, we interrogate the concept of disinhibition theory from a discursive perspective. From this perspective, we treat talk not as a route or resource to something presumed to lie beyond the talk, but as a form of action designed for its interactional context. We demonstrate how the men normalize unsafe sex through constructions of disinhibition as common and widespread. In doing so, the men manage accountability for their own experiences with foregoing condom use while using substances. Our analysis demonstrates the men's displayed concerns to avoid individualized explanations for having engaged in unprotected sex. This may explain why some gay men may resist HIV prevention campaigns, based on these very individualized explanations.