Renal transplantation in urinary diversions

Renal transplantations in augmented bladders or urinary diversions are rare, accounting for only 1-2% of all renal transplantations. In most cases a dysfunctional lower urinary tract is the cause of end-stage renal disease in these patients; therefore recovery of the lower urinary tract is mandatory for long-term graft survival. Usually, urinary diversion is timed several months prior to renal transplantation. Beside renal transplantations into an ileum conduit, renal transplantations in continent urinary diversions have become increasingly popular. The most frequent complications are bacteriuria and urinary tract infections, which usually do not lead to graft loss when treated correctly with antibiotics. Long-term outcome of renal transplantations in urinary diversions is comparable to transplantations in healthy native bladders.