Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years

被引:4383
作者
Afshin, Ashkan [1 ]
Forouzanfar, Mohammad H. [1 ]
Reitsma, Marissa B. [1 ]
Sur, Patrick [1 ]
Estep, Kara [1 ]
Lee, Alex [1 ]
Marczak, Laurie [1 ]
Mokdad, Ali H. [1 ]
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar [1 ,34 ]
Naghavi, Mohsen [1 ]
Salama, Joseph S. [1 ]
Vos, Theo [1 ]
Abate, Kalkidan H. [2 ]
Abbafati, Cristiana [14 ]
Ahmed, Muktar B. [2 ]
Al-Aly, Ziyad [16 ]
Alkerwi, Ala'a [17 ]
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa [18 ]
Amare, Azmeraw T. [13 ,20 ]
Amberbir, Alemayehu [41 ]
Amegah, Adeladza K. [27 ]
Amini, Erfan [28 ,32 ]
Amrock, Stephen M. [42 ]
Anjana, Ranjit M. [43 ,44 ]
Arnlov, Johan [50 ,52 ]
Asayesh, Hamid [35 ]
Banerjee, Amitava [55 ]
Barac, Aleksandra [67 ]
Baye, Estifanos [3 ,26 ]
Bennett, Derrick A. [59 ]
Beyene, Addisu S. [4 ]
Biadgilign, Sibhatu [5 ]
Biryukov, Stan [1 ]
Bjertness, Espen [69 ]
Boneya, Dube J. [9 ]
Campos-Nonato, Ismael [74 ,85 ]
Carrero, Juan J. [51 ]
Cecilio, Pedro [75 ]
Cercy, Kelly [1 ]
Ciobanu, Liliana G. [20 ]
Cornaby, Leslie [1 ]
Damtew, Solomon A. [6 ,7 ]
Dandona, Lalit [1 ,45 ]
Dandona, Rakhi [1 ,45 ]
Dharmaratne, Samath D. [77 ]
Duncan, Bruce B. [78 ]
Eshrati, Babak [36 ]
Esteghamati, Alireza [30 ]
Feigin, Valery L. [1 ,82 ]
Fernandes, Joao C. [76 ]
机构
[1] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[2] Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia
[3] Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dessie, Ethiopia
[4] Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Harar, Ethiopia
[5] Independent Publ Hlth Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
[6] Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
[7] Wolaita Sodo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci & Med, Wolaita, Ethiopia
[8] Ambo Univ, Ambo, Ethiopia
[9] Debre Markos Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
[10] Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
[11] Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
[12] Debre Berhan Univ, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
[13] Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
[14] Sapienza Univ Rome, Rome, Italy
[15] Food & Agr Org, Global Perspect Studies Unit, Rome, Italy
[16] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[17] Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg
[18] Joint Program Family & Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[19] King Fahad Med City, Dept Anesthesiol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[20] Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia
[21] Univ Canberra, Ctr Res & Act Publ Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia
[22] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[23] Univ Melbourne, Dept Pediat, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[24] Western Sydney Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[25] James Cook Univ, Cairns, Qld, Australia
[26] Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[27] Univ Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
[28] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urooncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
[29] Endrocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran
[30] Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
[31] Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
[32] Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
[33] Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
[34] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Preventat Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
[35] Qom Univ Med Sci, Dept Emergency Med, Qom, Iran
[36] Arak Univ Med Sci, Arak, Iran
[37] Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran
[38] Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran
[39] Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Maragheh, Iran
[40] Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Hamadan, Iran
[41] Dignitas Int, Zomba, Malawi
[42] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA
[43] Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
[44] Dr Mohans Diabet Special Ctr, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
[45] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India
[46] Indian Council Med Res, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
[47] CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Epidemiol Div, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
[48] Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India
[49] Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh, India
[50] Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Sci, Falun, Sweden
关键词
BODY-MASS INDEX; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; WEIGHT-LOSS; METAANALYSIS; DISEASE; CANCER; ADULTS;
D O I
10.1056/NEJMoa1614362
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.)
引用
收藏
页码:13 / 27
页数:15
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