Double-diffusive convection between two different phases in a porous infinite-shaped enclosure suspended by nano encapsulated phase change materials

The paper is dedicated to numerical simulation based on a mesh-free method for a double-diffusive flow between two different materials inside a porous infinite-shaped enclosure suspended by a nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM). Controlling equations have been solved by the Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. The first phase is considered a mixture of water and NEPCMs, and the second phase is formed by solid particles. Inside the novel shape of an infinite-shaped enclosure, the solid phase is carrying T-h and C-h during the whole simulation and the bottom-wall of an infinite shape is kept at is carrying T-c and C-c. Variations of Darcy parameter, fusion temperature, buoyancy ratio parameter, Stefan parameter, and Lewis number on the phase change zone, materials tracking, temperature, velocity field, and concentration are discussed. The results have shown that the fusion temperature disciplines the phase change zone within a porous infinite-shaped enclosure. The Stefan number adjusts the intensity of the phase change zone. The buoyancy ratio and the Darcy parameters are representing as essential factors in controlling the distribution of solid particles within the nanofluid phase. The ISPH method is validated by comparison with practical and numerical results.