Radiofrequency Ablation for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Retrospective Analysis of a Single Centre Experience

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness and safety of radiofrequency ablation for primary and recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in our single centre experience. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with ICC refusing or not eligible for surgery underwent radiofrequency ablation for their tumor. The ICC was primary in 9 cases and recurrent, after 2 previous resections, in 1 patient. Radiofrequency ablation was performed percutaneously under ultrasound guidance using a 15G perfused electrode. Technical success of the procedure was assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Technical effectiveness was evaluated by CEUS and contrast enhanced CT 1 month after the last course of a defined ablation protocol. Follow-up contrast enhanced CT or MRI were performed every 3-6 months. Results: RFA was always technically successful and effective for ICC lesions <= 3.4 cm and ineffective for lesion >= 4 cm. After a median follow-up of 19.5 months (range 9-64 months), 8 patients were still alive while 2 had died due to tumor progression. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rate of all patients with ICC of our series were 100%, 83.3% and 83.3%. No major complication was observed. Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation seems to be a safe and effective option for small (<= 3.4 cm) ICC nodules. In addition it may be considered as a palliative treatment for larger tumors.