Admission Factor V Predicts Transplant-Free Survival in Acute Liver Failure

Background and Aims Traditional laboratory markers are insensitive in distinguishing between patients with acute liver failure (ALF) who will require urgent liver transplantation (LT) from those who will recover spontaneously, particularly within 24 h of presentation. Coagulation factor-V (FV) may improve the accuracy of outcome prediction in ALF due to its predominant synthesis in the liver and short half-life in plasma. Methods Patients enrolled in the ALF Study Group Registry from a single site had FV determined within 24 h of presentation (Derivation-Cohort). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) dichotomized by ALF etiology [acetaminophen (APAP) or non-APAP] were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FV for transplant-free-survival (TFS). Multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed using FV and other clinical variables to predict TFS. Accuracy of FV and multivariable model were performed in a Validation-Cohort from a different site. Results 90-patients (56% with APAP) were included in the Derivation-Cohort. Median FV was significantly higher in TFS versus those who died/LT (31% vs. 15%, respectively; p = 0.001). When dichotomized by etiology, AUROC for FV was 0.77 for APAP (cutoff, sensitivity, specificity 10.5%, 79%, 69%, respectively) and 0.77 for non-APAP (22%, 85%, 67%, respectively). When the optimal cutoffs for FV in the Derivation-Cohort were applied to the Validation-Cohort (N = 51; 59% with APAP), AUROC for FV was 0.75 for APAP (sensitivity/specificity 81/44) and 0.95 for non-APAP (sensitivity/specificity 90/73). In multivariate analyses, AUROC for FV model was 0.86 in the Derivation-Cohort and 0.90 in the Validation-Cohort. Conclusion Admission FV may improve selection of patients who are likely to improve without LT.