Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes

被引：1397

作者：

Chapron, Guillaume ^{[1
]}

Kaczensky, Petra ^{[2
]}

Linnell, John D. C. ^{[3
]}

von Arx, Manuela ^{[4
]}

Huber, Djuro ^{[5
]}

Andren, Henrik ^{[1
]}

Vicente Lopez-Bao, Jose ^{[1
,6
]}

Adamec, Michal ^{[7
]}

Alvares, Francisco ^{[8
]}

Anders, Ole ^{[9
]}

Balciauskas, Linas ^{[10
]}

Balys, Vaidas ^{[11
]}

Bedo, Peter ^{[12
]}

Bego, Ferdinand ^{[13
]}

Carlos Blanco, Juan ^{[14
]}

Breitenmoser, Urs ^{[4
,15
]}

Broseth, Henrik ^{[3
]}

Bufka, Ludek ^{[16
]}

Bunikyte, Raimonda ^{[17
]}

Ciucci, Paolo ^{[18
]}

Dutsov, Alexander ^{[19
]}

Engleder, Thomas ^{[20
]}

Fuxjaeger, Christian ^{[21
]}

Groff, Claudio ^{[22
]}

Holmala, Katja ^{[23
]}

Hoxha, Bledi ^{[24
]}

Iliopoulos, Yorgos ^{[25
]}

Ionescu, Ovidiu ^{[26
,27
]}

Jeremic, Jasna ^{[28
]}

Jerina, Klemen ^{[29
]}

Kluth, Gesa ^{[30
]}

Knauer, Felix ^{[2
]}

Kojola, Ilpo ^{[31
]}

Kos, Ivan ^{[29
]}

Krofel, Miha ^{[29
]}

Kubala, Jakub ^{[32
]}

Kunovac, Sasa ^{[33
]}

Kusak, Josip ^{[5
]}

Kutal, Miroslav ^{[34
,35
]}

Liberg, Olof ^{[1
]}

Majic, Aleksandra ^{[29
]}

Maennil, Peep ^{[36
]}

Manz, Ralph ^{[4
]}

Marboutin, Eric ^{[37
]}

Marucco, Francesca ^{[38
]}

Melovski, Dime ^{[39
,40
]}

Mersini, Kujtim ^{[41
]}

Mertzanis, Yorgos ^{[25
]}

Myslajek, Robert W. ^{[42
]}

Nowak, Sabina ^{[43
]}

机构：

[1] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Grimso Wildlife Res Stn, S-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden

[2] Univ Vet Med, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria

[3] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway

[4] KORA, CH-3074 Muri Bei Bern, Switzerland

[5] Univ Zagreb, Fac Vet Med, Biol Dept, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[6] Univ Oviedo, Res Unit Biodivers UO CSIC PA, Mieres 33600, Spain

[7] State Nat Conservancy Slovak Republ, Banska Bystrica 97401, Slovakia

[8] Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, CIBIO InBio, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal

[9] Harz Natl Pk, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany

[10] Natl Res Ctr, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania

[11] Assoc Nat Conservat Baltijos Vilkas, LT-08300 Vilnius, Lithuania

[12] Slovak Wildlife Soc, Liptovsky Hradok 03301, Slovakia

[13] Univ Tirana, Fac Nat Sci, Biol Dept, Tirana, Albania

[14] Wolf Project, Madrid 28004, Spain

[15] Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Ctr Fish & Wildlife Hlth, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[16] Czech Univ Life Sci Prague, Dept Game Management & Wildlife Biol, Prague 16521, Czech Republic

[17] Minist Environm Republ Lithuania, LT-01105 Vilnius, Lithuania

[18] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[19] Balkani Wildlife Soc, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria

[20] Lynx Project Austria Northwest, A-4170 Haslach Muhl, Austria

[21] Nationalpark Zentrum Molln, A-4591 Molln, Austria

[22] Prov Autonoma Trento Serv Foreste & Fauna, I-38100 Trento, Italy

[23] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, Helsinki 00790, Finland

[24] Protect & Preservat Nat Environm Albania, Tirana, Albania

[25] Callisto Wildlife & Nat Conservat Soc, Thessaloniki 54621, Greece

[26] Transilvania Univ, Dept Silviculture, Fac Silviculture & Forest Engn, Braov 500123, Romania

[27] Forest Res Inst ICAS, Voluntari 077190, Ilfov, Romania

[28] State Inst Nat Protect, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[29] Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia

[30] LUPUS German Inst Wolf Mnitoring & Res, D-02979 Spreewitz, Germany

[31] Oulu Game & Fisheries Res, Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, Oulu 90570, Finland

[32] Tech Univ Zvolen, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Protect & Game Management, Zvolen 96053, Slovakia

[33] Univ Sarajevo, Fac Forestry, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg

[34] Mendel Univ Brno, Fac Forestry & Wood Technol, Dept Forest Protect & Wildlife Management, Brno 61300, Czech Republic

[35] Friends Earth Czech Republ, Olomouc Branch, Olomouc 77900, Czech Republic

[36] Estonian Environm Agcy, EE-51013 Tartu, Estonia

[37] Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-38610 Gieres, France

[38] Ctr Gest & Conservaz Grandi Carnivori, I-12010 Valdieri, Italy

[39] Macedonian Ecol Soc, Skopje 1000, Macedonia

[40] Georg August Univ, Dept Wildlife Sci, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[41] Food Safety & Vet Inst, Natl Vet Epidemiol Unit, Tirana, Albania

[42] Univ Warsaw, Fac Biol, Inst Genet & Biotechnol, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland

[43] Assoc Nat Wolf, PL-34324 Lipowa, Poland

[44] Latvian State Forest Res Inst Silava, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia

[45] Fdn Oso Pardo, Santander 39010, Spain

[46] Nat Hist Museum, Belgrade 11000, Serbia

[47] Equipe Ours, ONCFS CNERA PAD, F-31800 Villeneuve De Riviere, France

[48] Ist Ecol Applicata, I-00161 Rome, Italy

[49] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, N-1432 As, Norway

[50] St Istvan Univ, Inst Wildlife Conservat, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary

来源：

SCIENCE | 2014年 / 346卷 / 6216期

关键词：

CONSERVATION; POLICY;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1257553

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.

引用

页码：1517 / 1519

页数：3

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