Assessment of spiking procedures for the introduction of a phenanthrene-LNAPL mixture into field-wet soil

被引:94
作者
Doick, KJ [1 ]
Lee, PH [1 ]
Semple, KT [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Lancaster, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England
关键词
spiking homogeneity; non-aqueous phase liquids; polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons; contaminant mixtures;
D O I
10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00230-6
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Laboratory based studies on the fate of organic contaminants in soil typically requires the test compound(s) to be spiked into the test medium. Consequently, such studies are inherently dependant on the homogeneity of the contaminant within the spiked soil. Three blending methods were compared for the addition of a phenanthrene-transformcr oil mixture into field-wet soil. Spiking homogeneity, reproducibility and artefacts were assessed based on dichloromethane and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin chemical extractability, and bacterial mineralization. Spiking using a stainless-steel spoon, consistently produced good spike homogeneity Lis determined by sample oxidation, chemical extraction and mineralization, and was consistently more reliable than either the Waring blender or modified bench drill. Overall, neither transformer oil-concentration nor blending method influenced chemical extractability or mineralization of the PAH following 1 day equilibration. In general, spiking procedures require validation prior to use, as homogeneity cannot be assured. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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页码:399 / 406
页数:8
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