An evaluation of theoretical frameworks for studying physically active leisure

Recent reviews demonstrate participation in active recreation and the development of an active lifestyle is important to a broad spectrum of society. Reviews further highlight the presence of an underdeveloped knowledge base for active leisure. Theory development is required to guide researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. Specifically, evaluating the theoretical frameworks applied to active recreation is needed to foster collaboration and enhance the research-practice relation as well as to allow for rigorous testing and evaluation of theories, policies, programs, and interventions. Our paper responds to this call by developing five criteria to assess a selection of theoretical frameworks. The assessment demonstrates the limitations and advantages of various frameworks. Five propositions are presented to illustrate future theory development.