Why Do Delusion-Prone Individuals "Jump to Conclusions"? An Investigation Using a Nonserial Data-Gathering Paradigm

被引:7
作者
van der Leer, Leslie [1 ,2 ]
Hartig, Bjoern [3 ]
Goldmanis, Maris [3 ]
Mckay, Ryan [1 ]
机构
[1] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Psychol, ARC Ctr Excellence Cognit & Its Disorders, Egham, Surrey, England
[2] Regents Univ London, Regents Sch Psychotherapy & Psychol, London, England
[3] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Econ, Egham, Surrey, England
关键词
delusions; delusion-proneness; jumping to conclusions; data gathering; decision making; open data; BIAS; PSYCHOSIS; IDEATION; PEOPLE; MISCOMPREHENSION; REEXAMINATION; METAANALYSIS; DISORDERS; JUDGMENTS; RISK;
D O I
10.1177/2167702617698811
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
That delusional and delusion-prone individuals gather less evidence before reaching a decision ("jumping to conclusions") is arguably the most influential finding in the literature on cognitive theories of delusions. However, the cognitive basis of this data-gathering tendency remains unclear. Suggested theories include that delusion-prone individuals gather less data because they (a) misjudge the information value of evidence, (b) find data gathering more taxing than do controls, or (c) make noisier decisions than controls. In the present study we developed a novel, incentivized, nonserial data-gathering task to tease apart these alternatives. Higher delusion-proneness was associated with gathering less information on this task, even when accounting for gender, risk aversion, and intelligence. Our findings suggest that misjudging the information value of evidence contributes substantially to the " jumping to conclusions" bias and that neither higher subjective costs nor noisy decision making can fully account for it.
引用
收藏
页码:718 / 725
页数:8
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