Integrating new technologies into fisheries science: The application of geographic information systems

Geographic information systems (GIS) is a powerful tool capable of organizing, analyzing, and displaying spatially explicit data, yet it is not being extensively used in fisheries science. GIS offers advantages over conventional approaches because of the speed and accuracy with which it handles large spatial datasets. Decision makers can then make more informed decisions because multiple scenarios can be evaluated or spatial analyses conducted that would otherwise prove too cumbersome. GIS disadvantages include additional training for personnel, the costs of capital outlay, and the time required to initially assemble a GIS. A GIS database can be assembled from existing digital files, published maps, or using global positioning receivers. Continuing software and hardware advancements have led to greater affordability and user-friendliness. Here, we provide examples of GIS utility in fisheries science.