High-performance p-type multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si): Its characterization and projected performance in PERC solar cells

被引:15
作者
Altermatt, Pietro P. [1 ]
Xiong, Zhen [1 ]
He, QiuXiang [1 ]
Deng, WeiWei [1 ]
Ye, Feng [1 ]
Yang, Yang [1 ]
Chen, Yifeng [1 ]
Feng, ZhiQiang [1 ]
Verlinden, Pierre J. [1 ]
Liu, Anyao [2 ]
Macdonald, Daniel H. [2 ]
Luka, Tabea [3 ]
Lausch, Dominik [3 ]
Turek, Marko [3 ]
Hagendorf, Christian [3 ]
Wagner-Mohnsen, Hannes [4 ]
Schoen, Jonas [5 ]
Kwapil, Wolfram [5 ]
Fruehauf, Felix [6 ]
Breitenstein, Otwin [6 ]
Looney, Erin E. [7 ]
Buonassisi, Tonio [7 ]
Needleman, David B. [7 ,12 ]
Jackson, Christine M. [8 ]
Arehart, Aaron R. [8 ]
Ringel, Steven A. [8 ]
McIntosh, Keith R. [9 ]
Abbott, Malcolm D. [9 ]
Sudbury, Ben A. [9 ]
Zuschlag, Annika [10 ]
Winter, Clemens [10 ]
Skorka, Daniel [10 ]
Hahn, Giso [10 ]
Chung, Daniel [11 ]
Mitchell, Bernhard [11 ]
Geelan-Small, Peter [11 ]
Trupke, Thorsten [11 ]
机构
[1] Trina Solar, State Key Lab Photovolta Sci & Technol SKL PVST, Changzhou 213031, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[2] Australia Natl Univ, Res Sch Engn, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
[3] Fraunhofer Ctr Silicon Photovolta CSP, O Eissfeldt Str 12, D-06120 Halle, Germany
[4] Global Photovolta Simulat Grp, Case Postale 1056, CH-1211 Geneva 1, Switzerland
[5] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, Heidenhofstr 2, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
[6] Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
[7] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[8] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[9] PV Lighthouse, Coledale, NSW 2515, Australia
[10] Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany
[11] UNSW, Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
[12] OneSun Solar, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA
关键词
Multicrystalline silicon; Ingot metrology; Cell characterization; Excess carrier lifetime; PERC cells; Modeling; LIFETIME;
D O I
10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.073
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
Recent progress in the electronic quality of high-performance (HP) multicrystalline silicon material is reported with measurements and modeling performed at various institutions and research groups. It is shown that recent progress has been made in the fabrication at Trina Solar mainly by improving the high excess carrier lifetimes tau due to a considerable reduction of mid-gap states. However, the high lifetimes in the wafers are still reduced by interstitial iron by a factor of about 10 at maximum power point (mpp) conditions compared to mono-crystalline Cz wafers of equivalent resistivity. The low lifetime areas of the wafers seem to be limited by precipitates, most likely Cu. Through simulations, it appears that dislocations reduce cell efficiency by about 0.25% absolute. The best predictors for PERC cell efficiency from ingot metrology are a combination of mean lifetime and dislocation density because dislocations cannot be improved considerably by gettering during cell processing, while lifetime-limiting impurities are gettered well. In future, the material may limit cell efficiency above about 22.5% if the concentrations of Fe and Cu remain above 10(10) and 10(13)cm(-3), respectively, and if dislocations are not reduced further.
引用
收藏
页码:68 / 74
页数:7
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