Biochar and hydrochar in the context of anaerobic digestion for a circular approach: An overview

被引:84
作者
Cavali, Matheus [1 ]
Libardi Junior, Nelson [1 ]
Mohedano, Rodrigo de Almeida [1 ]
Belli Filho, Paulo [1 ]
Ribeiro da Costa, Rejane Helena [1 ]
de Castilhos Junior, Armando Borges [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Sanit & Environm Engn, BR-88040970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
关键词
Pyrolysis; Gasification; Hydrothermal carbonization; Biogas purification; Siloxane; Biofuels; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; FOOD WASTE; ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; CO2; ADSORPTION; BIOMASS WASTE; PROCESS WATER; SPENT LIQUOR;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153614
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Biochar and hydrochar are carbonaceous materials with valuable applications. They can be synthesized from a wide range of organic wastes, including digestate. Digestate is the byproduct of anaerobic digestion (AD), which is performed for bioenergy (biogas) production from organic residues. Through a thermochemical process, such as pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization - HTC, digestate can be converted into biochar or hydrochar. The addition of either biochar or hydrochar in AD has been reported to improve biochemical reactions and microbial growth, increasing the buffer capacity, and facilitating direct interspecies electrons transfer (DIET), resulting in higher methane (CH4) yields. Both biochar and hydrochar can adsorb undesired compounds present in biogas, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and even siloxanes. However, an integrated understanding of biochar and hydrochar produced from digestate through their return to the AD process, as additives or as adsorbents for biogas purification, is yet to be attained to close the material flow loop in a circular economy model. Therefore, this overview aimed at addressing the integration of biochar and hydrochar production from digestate, their utilization as additives and effects on AD, and their potential to adsorb biogas contaminants. This integration is supported by life cycle assessment (LCA) studies, showing positive results when combining AD and the aforementioned thermochemical processes, although more LCA is still necessary. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) studies of the processes considered are also presented, and despite an expanding market of biochar and hydrochar, further TEA is required to verify the profitability of the proposed integration, given the specificities of each process design. Overall, the synthesis of biochar and hydrochar from digestate can contribute to improving the AD process, establishing a cyclic process that is in agreement with the circular economy concept.
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页数:16
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