Third-Generation Vaccines: Features of Nucleic Acid Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Their Efficiency

被引：20

作者：

da Silva Melo, Alanne Rayssa ^{[1
]}

de Macedo, Larissa Silva ^{[1
]}

Invencao, Maria da Conceicao Viana ^{[1
]}

de Moura, Ingrid Andressa ^{[1
]}

da Gama, Marco Antonio Turiah Machado ^{[1
]}

de Melo, Cristiane Moutinho Lagos ^{[2
]}

Silva, Anna Jessica Duarte ^{[1
]}

de Aragao Batista, Marcus Vinicius ^{[3
]}

de Freitas, Antonio Carlos ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Genet, Lab Mol Studies & Expt Therapy, LEMTE, BR-50670901 Recife, Brazil

[2] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Biosci Ctr, Dept Antibiot, Lab Immunol & Antitumor Anal, BR-50670901 Recife, Brazil

[3] Univ Fed Sergipe, Ctr Biol & Hlth Sci, Dept Biol, Lab Mol Genet & Biotechnol GMBio, BR-49100000 Sao Cristovao, Brazil

来源：

GENES | 2022年 / 13卷 / 12期

关键词：

vaccines; nucleic acids; synthetic genes; adjuvants; T-CELL RESPONSES; DNA VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; MOLECULAR ADJUVANTS; CODON OPTIMIZATION; RNA; IMMUNOGENICITY; VIRUS; ELECTROPORATION;

D O I：

10.3390/genes13122287

中图分类号：

Q3 [遗传学];

学科分类号：

071007 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

Gene immunization comprises mRNA and DNA vaccines, which stand out due to their simple design, maintenance, and high efficacy. Several studies indicate promising results in preclinical and clinical trials regarding immunization against ebola, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and human papillomavirus (HPV). The efficiency of nucleic acid vaccines has been highlighted in the fight against COVID-19 with unprecedented approval of their use in humans. However, their low intrinsic immunogenicity points to the need to use strategies capable of overcoming this characteristic and increasing the efficiency of vaccine campaigns. These strategies include the improvement of the epitopes' presentation to the system via MHC, the evaluation of immunodominant epitopes with high coverage against emerging viral subtypes, the use of adjuvants that enhance immunogenicity, and the increase in the efficiency of vaccine transfection. In this review, we provide updates regarding some characteristics, construction, and improvement of such vaccines, especially about the production of synthetic multi-epitope genes, widely employed in the current gene-based vaccines.

引用

页数：14

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